Today, there are more than 30 species of Cymbopogon grown wildly throughout parts of the world and used in Southeast Asian cooking and teas. There are two primary types of citronella used to create pure citronella oil: the Java type and the Ceylon type. Both originally come from parts of Asia, especially grassy areas of Sri Lanka.
Ceylon citronella is obtained from the Cymbopogon nardus plant and has the following main active ingredients: citronellal (27.87 precent), geraniol (22.77 percent), geranial (14.54 percent), citronellol (11.85 percent) and neral (11.21 percent). (3) It has a scent similar to citrus fruits, wood and cinnamon.
The Java type is similar and derived from a related species called Cymbopogon winterianus. Java citronella’s main active ingredients include: geraniol (40.06 percent), citronellal (27.44 percent) and citronellol (10.45 percent). (4) Of the two types, Java is thought to be more powerful, and therefore it’s usually more expensive. It has a darker color and “fresher” scent similar to lemon and lemon essential oil. Of citronella’s active ingredients, the three that are most researched and valued include citronellol, citronellal and geraniol.
Both types of citronella oil have widespread uses, including stress reduction, antibacterial or antiseptic action, and skin rejuvenation. Citronella essential oil is one of the most common aromatherapy oils and is part of what gives many household sprays and candles their signature scent. Additionally, it can be used as a food additive for flavor and preservation, so you can sometimes find it in foods and beverages.
Lemongrass essential oil can be confused for citronella essential oil and vice versa. Are lemongrass and citronella the same? A citronella plant, also called a mosquito plant, does resemble its relative, the lemongrass plant. The oils derived from these plants also have similar smells, uses and benefits, but they are definitely two completely different plants and oils.